Chapter 1
Seerat-ul-Nabi (Peace Be Upon Him)
The land of Arabia is a peninsula surrounded by the Arabian Sea to the south, the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman to the east, and the Red Sea to the west. On its northern side lies the region of Sham (Greater Syria). Overall, most of the country is composed of deserts and uninhabited, arid valleys, although there are some regions known for their greenery and fertility. Geographically, Arabia can be divided into five regions:
Yemen
Yemen is the most fertile region of the Arabian Peninsula and is given this name due to its peacefulness. The climate is moderate, and between its mountains lie vast and lush valleys where fruits and vegetables are abundant. It was the dwelling place of the tribe of Saba, which built many dams, including the famous Marib dam, for irrigation purposes. However, due to the disobedience of this tribe, divine punishment came upon them, causing the dam to break, leading to a massive flood that spread over the lands of the Arab nation.
Hijaz
To the north of Yemen lies the region of Hijaz. It is the chosen land for illuminating divine guidance. Its central city is Makkah Mukarramah, situated amidst barren valleys and mountains. Another important city in Hijaz is Yathrib, later called Madinah Munawwarah, and to the east of Makkah is the city of Ta'if, known for its lush and fruitful fields and abundant date palm groves, reminiscent of a paradise amidst the Arabian deserts. In Hijaz, the valleys of Badr, Uhud, Bi'r Ma'unah, Hudaibiyah, and Khaybar are also noteworthy.
Najd
Najd is an important region of Arabia, situated to the east of Hijaz, and it is the current location of the capital of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh.
Hadhramaut
It is a coastal region in the east of Yemen and appears deserted. In ancient times, it was home to the cities of Zafar and Shiban.
Eastern Coastal Region (Arab Emirates)
It includes the regions of Oman, Al-Ahsa, and Bahrain. In ancient times, pearls were collected from the sea here, but now it is wealthy due to the abundance of oil.
Sinai
To the northeast of Hijaz, between the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba, lies the region of Sinai. It was here that the nation of Prophet Musa (Moses), peace be upon him, wandered for forty years. Mount Sinai, where Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) received the Tablets of the Law (Taurat), is also situated in this region.
Note
Keep in mind that originally, the territories of modern-day Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, and Oman were part of the Arab land, while Sham (Greater Syria), Iraq, and Egypt were conquered later, and a considerable number of Arabs migrated and settled there. As a result, these lands also adopted the Arab character. The term 'Arab' has two opinions regarding its origin. According to one view, the word 'Arab' means eloquence and fluency in speech, as Arabs used to consider themselves highly articulate and superior in linguistic skills compared to other nations, whom they referred to as 'Ajam' (non-Arabic speakers).
According to the second view, the term 'Arab' is derived from the word 'Araba,' which means desert and wilderness. Since most of this land consists of deserts and arid regions, the entire land came to be known as Arabia."
Please note that the provided translation includes geographical details about the Arabian Peninsula and its historical regions. If you have any specific questions or need further information, feel free to ask.
Seerat-ul-Nabi (PBUH) Chapter 2
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